Bergamot (Citrus Bergamia) is a citrus fruit known for its unique aroma and numerous applications, particularly in the perfume and gastronomy industries. Native to the Mediterranean region, bergamot finds its main cultivation in Calabria, in southern Italy. Some studies suggest that it may derive from a cross between the lemon and the bitter orange.
Bergamot is a small to medium-sized evergreen tree with shiny, fragrant leaves. The fruits, which can be yellow or green in colour, have a spherical or slightly flattened shape and a smooth, thin skin. This plant requires a mild climate and good sun exposure, grows best in well-drained soil and needs protection from frost. Calabria, with its ideal conditions, is the world’s leading producer of bergamot, contributing around 90% of global production.
Bergamot is famous for its essential oil, extracted from the skin of the fruit. This oil, prized for its fresh, citrusy aroma with floral notes, is a key ingredient in many high quality perfumes.
Earl Grey tea: bergamot gives Earl Grey tea its characteristic aroma. The tea leaves are flavoured with essential oil of bergamot.
Gastronomic preparations: Bergamot juice and peel are used to prepare jams, liqueurs and desserts. Their citrus flavour with a slightly bitter aftertaste enriches many recipes.
Aromatherapy: Bergamot essential oil is used in aromatherapy to relieve stress and anxiety due to its calming properties.
Medicinal properties: Bergamot has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It is rich in vitamin C and flavonoids, which can improve cardiovascular health. Studies suggest that bergamot essential oil may help reduce cholesterol and improve lipid metabolism.
Skin Care: Due to its antiseptic and astringent properties, bergamot essential oil is used in skin care products, such as lotions and creams, to treat acne and other skin conditions.
The name ‘bergamot’ may derive from the city of Bergamo, Italy, where the essential oil was first sold. This cultivar has a long history of use in traditional medicine and the perfume industry and is considered a symbol of Calabria. Its cultivation represents an important part of the region’s cultural heritage.
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Very fragrant fruit rich in essential oils |
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Sensitive to cold, avoid heat shock |
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Water regularly without excess |
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Blow several times a year, very fragrant |
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Fertilize with specific fertilizer for citrus |
